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CHAPTER 2   Thinking like an economist    Economist try to address their subject with a scientist`s objectivity.they approach the study   of the economy in much the some say as a physicist approaches the study of matter andabiologist approaches   the studt of file. They devise theories,collectdata,and them analyze these data in an attempt to verify or refute their theories.    To beginners, it can seem odd to claim   thateconomicsis a science.After all,oconomists do not work with test tubes or telescopes.The essence of science,however is the scientific method-the dispassionate development   and testing of theories about how the word works. This   method of iquary is as applicable to studying a nation`s economy as it is to studying the earth`s gravty or a   species` evalution.As Albert Einstein once put it, “thewhole of scienceis nothing more that the refinement of everyday thinking”.        Altough Einstein`s comment is as true for social   sciences such as economics as it i

    CAPTHER 4:THE MARKET FORCES OF SUPPLY   AND DEMAND      What is market   A market is group of buyers   and sellers of a particular good or service . the buyers as a group determine the   demand for the product, and the sellers as group determine the supply of the product.   Markets take many forms. Sometimes markets are highly organized ,such as the markets for   many   agricultural commodietes .in these markets,buyers and sellers meet at a specife time and place where an auctioneer help   set prices and arrange sales . more often ,markets are less organized.for example consider the   market for ice cream in aparticuler town.buyers of ice cream do not meet to gether atany on time. The sallers of ice cream   are in different locations   and offer somewhat different products. There is no auchtioneeer calling out the   price of ice cream each sellers posts a   price   for an ice-cream cone,and each   store,nonetheless,these   consumers and producers   of ice cream are clo

Ten Principles of Economics The word economic comes from the greek wordm oikonomos   which, means “one who maages household” at fisrt   this origin might seem peculiar .but in fact,house hold and economies have much n comman.   There is no mistery to what and economi   is. Whether   we ae talking abaut the economy   of los angeles   of the united states,or of the whole world,an economy is just a group of people interacting with one another as the go abaut their lives. Because the behavior of an economy reflects    the behavior of the individuals who make up economy,we start our study of economics with four   principles of indivial decision making. Principle 1: People Face Trade-offs   When    are   grouped into   societies, they face diferffernt kinds of trade-offs. The classic trade-offs   is between “guns and butter”. The ore we spend on national defense(guns) to protect our shores from   foreign   aggressors, the les we can spend on consumer goods (butter)   to raise   our

Harga indeks  14.1 Pengertian Angka Indeks Ø   Angka indeks adalah suatu konsep untuk menjelaskan perubahan dari waktu ke waktu (bulanan, triwulanan, semesteran, atau tahunan) Ø   Banyak digunakan di bidang ekonomi dan perusahaaan Ø   Dinyatakan sebagai angka perbandingan yang perubahan relatifnya dinyatakan dalam persen. Kegunanaan Angka Indeks 1)       Melihat perubahan (harga, kuantitas, atau nilai) dari satu periode ke periode lainnya (bulanan, triwulanan, semesteran, tahunan, dsb) 2)       Dipakai sebagai indikator perubahan. Jenis-Jenis Indeks Harga 1) Indeks Harga Konsumen (IHK)             Indeks harga konsumen mengukur perubahan harga sekelompok besar barang yang dibeli oleh konsumen. IHK mempunyai beberapa fungsi, yaitu sebagai berikut : a)       Memungkinkan konsumen untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh perubahan harga terhadap tingkat daya beli mereka. b)       Merupakan salah satu indikator dalam mengetahui tingkat inflasi dan tingkat keb